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How to Size an MCB to Cable and Load Current

The practical rule for sizing a miniature circuit breaker: Ib ≤ In ≤ Iz, cable derating, and picking the trip type for the load.

Sizing a miniature circuit breaker (MCB) is not "pick one bigger than the load". The breaker exists to protect the cable, so the cable sets the upper limit and the load sets the lower one. Get it backwards and the cable melts before the breaker trips.

1. The rule: Ib ≤ In ≤ Iz

Ib is the design load current, In is the breaker rating, and Iz is the cable's permitted current-carrying capacity. The breaker must sit between them: at or above the load so it does not nuisance-trip, and at or below the cable so the cable is the protected element. A 16 A load on a 2.5 mm² cable (≈24 A at 40 °C) takes a 16 A or 20 A MCB — never a 32 A one.

2. Derating the cable

Iz falls with ambient temperature, grouping of cables, and enclosure type. Three circuits bunched in a hot trunking can lose 20–30 % of their rating; the MCB must track the derated value, not the catalogue one. When in doubt, upsize the cable rather than the breaker.

3. Trip type B / C / D

The letter is the magnetic trip threshold relative to In:

TypeMagnetic tripUse
B3–5× InResistive, low-inrush (lighting, sockets)
C5–10× InGeneral purpose, small motors (default)
D10–20× InHigh inrush (transformers, welders, big motors)

Type C is the panel default; choose D where the load has a heavy start surge so the breaker does not trip on every start, and B for clean resistive circuits.

4. Practical checklist

ELEHPD miniature circuit breakers in Types B, C and D, 6 kA and 10 kA, with the distribution boards, RCBOs and busbar to match.

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